Riva - Resources

Monitoring WASH systems strengthening and change

Learning paper on monitoring WASH systems strengthening and change, drawing on six-country WASH Systems for Health experience.

Learning paper

Strengthening water, sanitation and hygiene systems in Rwanda

This paper was developed as part of the Isoko y’Ubuzima project, which has supported efforts to strengthen WASH systems in Rwanda through collaboration across national, district, and community levels. It reflect...

Man in blue uniform at a water system in West Africa

Learning paper

Systems interventions for the transition from basic to safely managed water and sanitation services

Transition pathways to safely managed water and sanitation services for different settings.

Learning paper

Towards a systemic approach to water, sanitation and hygiene in healthcare facilities

How systems approaches drive sustainable improvements in water, sanitation and hygiene in healthcare facilities.

WASH systems index tool

Tool designed to capture the discussion and documenting the results of the WASH Systems Index.

Port Villa waterfront and business district with catamaran in Vanuatu capital city in the south Pacifi

Case study

Accessing Green Climate Fund funds for water security and climate-resilient water and sanitation

A brief case study outlining Vanuatu's experience of securing funding from GCF

Man working on tablet making calculations

Conference report

Advancing sustainable WASH finance: an ESG collaborative dialogue with commercial financial institutions

WASH sector and banking leaders unite to unlock sustainable financing

Research paper

Advancing the evidence for water, sanitation and hygiene systems strengthening

A Delphi study identifying priority research questions to strengthen WASH systems and evidence-based decision-making

Project report

Assessment of India’s 15th Finance Commission recommended WASH sector grants through Rural Local Bodies

Paper documenting 15th Finance Commission fund allocation and use for water and sanitation in Odisha, India, informing 16th Commission recommendations.

Aerial view of Sunamganj Haor showing houses surrounded by floodwaters and submerged rice fields in the rural landscape of Sunamganj District, Sylhet Division, Bangladesh

Research paper

Assessment of WASH service delivery models in climate hotspots of Bangladesh

Assessment of existing water, sanitation and hygiene service models in climate-vulnerable areas of Bangladesh, highlighting needs for adaptation and innovation.

Green tree forest with sunlight through green leaves. Natural carbon capture and carbon credit concept

Case study

Climate finance from carbon markets for water and sanitation, illustrated by safe water projects in East Africa

Case study on carbon-market climate finance for water and sanitation, its limited scale so far, and growth potential in East Africa

Tokyo, Japan - Oct 1 2024, A panoramic view of the glass facades of skyscrapers in Chiyoda district, with a blue sky and clouds in the background, at daytime,Tokyo

Case study

Closing the financing gap

An advocacy brief for governments and partners

Michael Tumubwine, Area Manager for National Water and Sewerage Corporation in Kijura Sub-county in Kabarole District, with Martin Watsisi IRC Uganda Regional WASH Advisor

Learning paper

Collective action for safe water in Ethiopia, Ghana and Uganda

Updates on progress, stories and ambitions from the Safe Water Strategy in Ethiopia, Ghana and Uganda.

: Ms. Saidou Fatimata Nouhou, Chief Director of Sanitation and the Living Environment at the Ministry of Hydraulics, Sanitation and the Environment Niger

Learning paper

Collective action for safe water in the Sahel

Updates on progress, stories and ambitions from the Safe Water Strategy in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger.

Beyond project compilation, the report demonstrates what regional collaboration can deliver when combined with strong technical leadership and national ownership.

Research paper

Development of water investment pipeline projects for the groundwater access facility in the Horn of Africa

This report outlines how projects were identified, assessed, and mapped using technical, financial, social, and environmental criteria. It highlights major gaps—especially limited private, climate, and blended f...

Confident professional looking African man walking down the stairs

Working paper

Financial credibility

Paper proposing a strategic framework for WASH system transformation centred on building financial credibility across governance, regulation and operations

Motivation_Kemigisa Barbara, 18, chairperson health and hygiene club at Rusekere primary school

Briefing note

Frames in focus

Photovoice stories of gender, social inclusion and local solutions in water, sanitation and hygiene from Ugandan schools.

A boy kicks the ball hard to score a goal, in a game of soccer on the beach.

Briefing note

From commitments to action: financing equitable WASH services in Ghana

Briefing note on urgent need for increased investment and smarter financial strategies to strengthen WASH systems

Working paper

In search of deeper leverage points

A working paper that is going beyond the technical to transform systems and lives

Briefing note

Measuring what matters

A briefing note that challenges us to rethink evaluation in WASH systems strengthening programmes

Briefing note

Pathways to universal WASH coverage in Ghana

A practical reflection on replicating the Asutifi North district approach to achieving universal water, sanitation and hygiene coverage at scale in Ghana.

Anthony Gyamfi Amponsah is CWSA’s Community Relations Officer in Wassa Dunkwa, Western Region

Learning paper

Professionalising water services in the rural water sub-sector of Ghana

A collection of stories and reflections from Ghana, highlighting ongoing reforms and sector perspectives.

African Inclusive Finance Week, Nairobi, Kenya

Case study

Reducing the finance gap across the water and sanitation sector

Case study on developing coordinated WASH finance strategies to close the sector funding gap, drawing on Malawi and Rwanda experiences

Woman in Honduras testing the quality of water

Literature review

Regulating water supply and sanitation services

A Thematic Overview Paper of regulatory models and guidance for water and sanitation across service delivery contexts.

Conference report

Report of the 3rd National WASH in Schools Symposium in Uganda

Learners, government, and partners convene in Uganda to advance safe sanitation, hygiene, and climate-resilient WASH in schools.

Woman in pink t-shirt with her arms folded looking into the camera

Riva brief

Report on Formalising Relationships between CWSA, Private Operators, WSMTs and Other Actors

This study seeks to understand the implications of Community Water and Sanitation Agency's changing role as a water utility service provider

Case study

Rural water supply operation and maintenance in Ethiopia

An analysis of Ethiopia’s evolving policies and regulatory frameworks for rural water scheme operation and maintenance

Ghana's CWSA head office outside facade with parked cars in front

Project report

Rural water utilitisation project

An examination of the Community Water and Sanitation Agency’s evolving role as a water utility service provider in rural Ghana.

Tool

Shift the system mapping

A tool to map complex systems, understand relationships, and uncover opportunities for meaningful, lasting change

Riva change leadership paper

Systems leadership

Whether you're working in health, education, climate, water or sanitation, your role in shaping strong public services that serve both people and planet is vital.

Case study

The experience of Vanuatu in securing Green Climate Funds for water security

A case study snapshot how Vanuatu accessed Green Climate Fund finance for improved water security.

Case study

Unlocking finance for water and sanitation with nature-based solutions

This is snapshot shows how nature-based solutions can be cost-effective alternatives to conventional infrastructure.

Case study

Using WASH Accounts for improved financial data management

Case study highlighting how the analysis on sector financial flows over the long term have led to better understanding and action on sector funding and financing levels.

Drone shot of city of Siem Raep Cambodia

Government policy

Cambodia Sanitation Finance Strategy

Strategy for financing rural and urban sanitation targets in Cambodia by 2030

Bosco Mwije plumber Mid-Western Umbrella for Water and Sanitation Authority Rweihamba Kasenda Uganda

Briefing note

Principles for water, sanitation and hygiene systems strengthening

An overview of the key principles and vital role of coordinated water, sanitation and hygiene systems strengthening in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6.

Refugee camp in Africa, full of people who took refuge due to insecurity and armed conflict. People living in very poor conditions, lack of food, clean water and proper shelter to stay

Research paper

Sustaining water services for refugees and host communities in Itang (Ethiopia) and Rwamwanja (Uganda)

Development of sustainable, utility-led water, sanitation and hygiene services for refugee and host communities in Ethiopia and Uganda.

Learning paper

USAID Transform WASH

A summary of progress and lessons from USAID Transform WASH’s market-based sanitation initiative in Ethiopia, focusing on expanding affordable water, sanitation and hygiene products and services.

Briefing note

All Systems Connect

A background paper to the All Systems Connect International Symposium 2023

Research paper

Bridging the gap

Key strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for water, sanitation and hygiene systems strengthening in Uganda from the 2021 National Assessment.

Shomy Chowdhury at the All Systems Connect Symposium 2023

Conference report

Insights and calls to action from 700 changemakers at the All Systems Connect International Symposium 2023

Insights and actions from global changemakers accelerating progress towards safe, sustainable water, sanitation and hygiene as a gateway to justice.

Sunset view of Addis Ababa with a serene blend of lush greenery, flowering gardens, and a striking modern skyline.

Training

National sanitation subsidy protocol

Updated protocol for smart, targeted sanitation subsidies to achieve universal access in Ethiopia

Happy caregiver assisting and sharing a tender moment with her elderly mother in a low income household

Research paper

Payment modalities for low-income households

A study exploring payment modalities and cost contributions in Netherlands Enterprise Agency-supported public-private partnerships for water supply projects.

Man folding arms at the Community Water and Sanitation Agency Esiama water system

Project report

Rural water utilisation project

Findings on water infrastructure and services in Western Ghana supporting sector strengthening.

Woman with hands in grass creating a sense of motion

Working paper

A hub keeps WASH systems in motion

A paper presenting our lessons from IRC Ghana acting as a 'hub' to support collective action in the Asutifi North District of Ghana

Roberto Carlos Ramírez Alvarenga Vice Minister of Public Credit and Public Investment Ministry of Finance of Honduras on stage at the All Systems Connect Symposium 2023

Training

Developing water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) finance strategies

A guide to developing water, sanitation and hygiene finance strategies for governments and sector experts in developing and transition countries.

Operation and maintenance of a hand pump in South Ari Ethiopia

Briefing note

Improving rural water supply financing in Ethiopia

An analysis of Ethiopia’s slow progress towards water, sanitation and hygiene targets, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable finance, better monitoring, and innovative approaches.

Kenyan marathon runners train at the athletics track in the town of Eldoret near Iten, the center of world endurance running.

Journal article

Turn up the dial

System dynamics modeling of resource allocations toward rural water supply maintenance in East Africa

Girl fetching water in pastoralist community in Afar region Ethiopia

Journal article

Water and emotion: testing a new approach for monitoring water security among Afar pastoralists in Ethiopia

A new approach using emotional responses to assess water security among Ethiopia’s pastoralists, revealing vulnerabilities and opportunities for improvement

Briefing note

Achieving safely managed water services in Africa: unpacking the challenge

Priorities and strategies for safely managed water, sanitation and hygiene in Africa, focusing on vulnerable groups and SDG 6. Based on a discussion convened by IRC for the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation in 2021

Blue Ice covered mountains in south polar ocean

Working paper

Climate change, water resources and WASH systems

System strengthening of water, sanitation and hygiene systems is climate action and they must be a core component of climate financing and adaptation strategies.

Participants of a LeaPPs 8 Uganda session

Research paper

Driving change

Guide to improve public services like water and sanitation through multi-stakeholder collective action and action research

Woman walking in a street of the suburb of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Journal article

Empowerment in water, sanitation and hygiene index

The Empowerment in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Index measures agency, participation and gender equality outcomes of sector interventions.

Learning paper

Ethiopia’s business environment and how it influences WASH market development

An learning note on challenges and growth opportunities for private sector water, sanitation and hygiene enterprises in Ethiopia.

Close-up portrait of an Ethiopian woman wearing a traditional white Habesha kemis with a delicate green-bordered netela, set against the vibrant, sun-drenched backdrop of a modern Addis Ababa street.

Learning paper

Gender equality and social inclusion overview for the WASH sector in Ethiopia

Assessment of gender equality and social inclusion in Ethiopia’s water, sanitation and hygiene sector, highlighting opportunities and barriers for inclusive services.

Training

Guidelines for strengthening woreda-wide WASH systems in Ethiopia

Guidelines for implementing water, sanitation and hygiene systems strengthening at district level using the woreda-wide approach.

Project report

Life-cycle cost analysis for Splash school interventions in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

An analysis of the costs, funding gaps, and sustainability challenges of providing water, sanitation and hygiene services to schools in Addis Ababa through the WISE project.

Partnership publication

Monitoring and accountability frameworks for SDG 6: the role of civil society organisations

Accountability mechanisms for reaching water, sanitation and hygiene Sustainable Development Goal 6, based on a 25-country review.

Back shot of a graceful Bengali woman in brown salwar kameez with long black hair, standing on a rooftop. She looks down, a solitary figure in an urban landscape

Government policy

National menstrual hygiene management strategy 2021

A national strategy to advance menstrual hygiene management across sectors in Bangladesh.

Helena Acquah, Head of the Physical Planning Department, and Barima Dankwa Osiakwan, traditional council leader, at a District Level Learning Alliance Platform meeting on gender empowerment at the Asutifi North District Assembly, Ghana.

Learning paper

People, systems and change

Lessons and progress from collective action for safe water, sanitation and hygiene in partner districts of six African countries.

Camels in the Ethiopian dessert in a group

Learning paper

Planning differently

A position paper outlining the piloting and results of district-level long-term strategic planning for WASH services in Amhara, Ethiopia.

Solar powered water supply in Kasenda Uganda

Journal article

Scenarios for public systems transition using learning alliances

An overview of Uganda’s efforts to modernise rural water supply through collaborative learning alliances and action research.

Woman fetching water with a rope pump at the compound of her home in Ethiopia

Book

Self-supply: filling the gaps in public water supply provision

A source book examining the role of self-supply in urban and rural water provision, and the impact of recognising and supporting household-led initiatives.

Case study

Strengthening mutual accountability in partnerships for WASH

An assessment of multi-stakeholder collaboration and mutual accountability in water, sanitation and hygiene partnerships across six countries.

Literature review

Strengthening mutual accountability in partnerships for WASH

A study on the concept and success factors of mutual accountability for water, sanitation and hygiene partnerships.

Jane Nabunnya talking to Andrew Naracott in a studio set up

Video

Strong WASH systems: the importance of master planning

A video introducing systems agents working to realise universal access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene.

Research paper

The IRC Inaugural Justice, Equity, Diversity and Inclusion (JEDI) Performance Review

Findings and recommendations from IRC’s first Justice, Equity, Diversity and Inclusion (JEDI) performance review.

Research paper

The role of National Public Development Banks in financing the water and sanitation SDG 6, the water related goals of the Paris Agreement and biodiversity protection

A global assessment of national public development banks’ involvement in financing water, sanitation and hygiene sector investments.

Technical officer walking down the stair at water tower in Asutifi North Ghana

Literature review

Utility-managed rural water services

An exploration of pathways for utilitisation of rural water supply, the driving factors, strengths and weaknesses of utility-managed models, and key areas where support is needed.

Conference report

Water resource management synthesis report

Summary of a webinar on water resource management for water security in India.

Satopans at a kiosk for household improved sanitation in Ethiopia

Learning paper

An assessment of sanitation financing options for enterprises and households

A summary of financing approaches and challenges in improving access to water, sanitation and hygiene.

Briefing note

Application of the district-wide approach in 5 pilot districts of Rwanda : lessons learned

Between 2017 and 2019, the District-Wide Approach for water and sanitation services was piloted in five districts in Rwanda.

Two women and two men discussing around a table in Kajiado County Kenya

Briefing note

Changes in the civic space for water, sanitation and sexual health rights in Kajiado County, Kenya

Highlights from a cross-sector study on changes in civic space for governance in Kajiado County since 2016.

Aerial view of city with people crossing street

Journal article

Citywide inclusive sanitation : a public service approach for reaching the urban sanitation SDGs

Key concepts and principles of citywide inclusive sanitation for equitable, sustainable urban services.

Aerial view. Small european village. Blue winding river

Book

Costing and financing of small-scale water supply and sanitation services

A guide for policy-makers on strategies for sustainable financing of small-scale water supply and sanitation systems in the pan-European region.

Crowd of people during sunset with government buildings in the background, New Delhi, India

Briefing note

Enabling environment for water security

Overview of institutions and coordination for rural water supply and security in Odisha and Bihar, India.

Woman in Bangladesh speaking in a meeting

Research paper

Legitimacy and financial sustainability of CSO network organisations

A study on the financial sustainability and legitimacy of CSO network organisations in water, sanitation and hygiene.

Journal article

Monitoring methods for systems-strengthening activities toward sustainable water and sanitation services in low-income settings

A review of systems approaches and evaluation methods for strengthening water, sanitation and hygiene services in low income settings.

Male staff member Mid Western Umbrella Uganda

Journal article

More sustainable systems through consolidation?

A study of Uganda’s shift from community-managed point sources to professionally managed utilities for drinking water services, focusing on service models and sector consolidation.

Prosper Mulindwa Vice Mayor in charge of Economic Development in Rulindo district in Rwanda at the All Systems Go sympsoium in 2019

Video

Strong WASH systems: political buy-in and leadership

Introducing systems agents advancing universal water, sanitation and hygiene access, and highlighting the role of political leadership.

Asutifi North female citizen looking proudly into the camera

Government report

WASH master plan for Asutifi North District Assembly

An assessment of progress in implementing the Asutifi North District WASH master plan since 2018, highlighting key activities and outcomes.

Tool

WASH system building block assessment tool

An Excel tool for assessing the status of building blocks to deliver water, sanitation and hygiene services in schools or health care facilities.

African woman looking confident into the camera

Training

Water & sanitation: how to make public investment work

A handbook for finance ministers, offering case studies and strategies to close the water and sanitation financing gap worldwide.

Barbara Schreiner CEO of the Water Integrity Network on stage of the All Systems Go symposium 2019

Video

Addressing the 'shadow system'

A keynote on integrity, transparency and anti-corruption in water, sanitation and hygiene systems.

Conference paper

Conditions for private sector involvement and financing in rural water supply

An overview of the UDUMA model, an innovative private sector-led approach to delivering and financing sustainable rural water, sanitation and hygiene services in sub-Saharan Africa.

HE Ambassador Asfaw Dingamo, State Minister, Ministry of Water and Energy in Ethiopia All Systems Connect at the International Symposium May 2023 World Forum, The Hague |

Briefing note

Government-led monitoring for sustained water service delivery

A position paper on strengthening government-led WASH monitoring systems, capacities and processes in Ethiopia.

Working paper

How to use learning alliances to achieve systems change at scale

Learning alliances and change hubs as practical approaches for strengthening water, sanitation and hygiene systems.

Working paper

Mobilising finance for WASH : getting the foundation right

This working paper unpacks what is meant by the enabling environment for finance in WASH and presents real examples of how these bottlenecks are being overcome by innovators in the sector.

Metike, you woman in Ethiopia leaning on a rope pump

Working paper

Service delivery models for universal, safe and sustainable water services in Ethiopia

An overview of rural water service delivery models in Ethiopia, highlighting infrastructure, management arrangements, levels of service, and recommendations for achieving Sustainable Development Goal target 6.1.

Literature review

Annotated bibliography of IRC learning alliances

An annotated bibliography of publications on learning alliances in water, sanitation and hygiene.

Riva think paper

Building strong WASH systems for the SDGs

This working paper sets out to understand the WASH system and its building blocks

Book

Resource recovery from waste

A compendium of business models for resource recovery and reuse from waste in water, sanitation and hygiene.

Learning paper

Financing for improved sanitation: case study from SNNPR, Ethiopia

Significant numbers of households gained access to self-constructed basic latrines in rural areas after the Ministry of Health introduced Community Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene. Most of these latrines fall s...

Collecting water quality data in Ethiopia

Journal article

Looking beyond headline indicators

Journal article revealing the gap between reported WASH coverage and actual service quality in small-town Ethiopia

Book

From infrastructure to services

Book presenting the state of the art in monitoring sustainable water, sanitation and hygiene services in developing countries, for WASH policymakers and researchers.

Journal article

Trends in rural water supply

An overview of challenges in rural water supply and actions needed for sustainable, universal access.

Operation and maintenance at water supply system in Honduras

Briefing note

Life-cycle costs approach

riefing note explaining the WASHCost life-cycle cost approach for comparing and reporting WASH service delivery expenditures

Señora Granadilla doing the dishes in her home in Honduras

Book

Supporting rural water supply

A synthesis of lessons from three decades of rural water supply investment and evolving management approaches in developing countries

Woman selling tomatoes on a market in the Andes region

Book

Beyond domestic

Case studies showing how multi-purpose water supply supports sustainable livelihoods and poverty reduction.

Women selling vegetables and fruit on a market in the Middle East

Working paper

The productive use of domestic water supplies

Overview of productive uses and mixed purposes of water supply for household livelihoods in developing countries

Woman smiling at scenic mountain view in Bhutan

Briefing note

Realising safely managed sanitation in Bhutan

Sanitation and faecal waste management challenges, regulations, and solutions for Bhutan’s vision of universal improved sanitation

Resources

Development of Water Investment Pipeline Projects for the Groundwater Access Facility in the Horn of Africa (GAFA)

In search of deeper leverage points

Principles for water, sanitation and hygiene systems strengthening

Accessing Green Climate Fund funds for water security and climate-resilient water and sanitation

Development of Water Investment Pipeline Projects for the Groundwater Access Facility in the Horn of Africa (GAFA)

In search of deeper leverage points

Principles for water, sanitation and hygiene systems strengthening

Accessing Green Climate Fund funds for water security and climate-resilient water and sanitation

Development of Water Investment Pipeline Projects for the Groundwater Access Facility in the Horn of Africa (GAFA)

In search of deeper leverage points

Principles for water, sanitation and hygiene systems strengthening

Accessing Green Climate Fund funds for water security and climate-resilient water and sanitation

Legacy resources

Resources

Development of Water Investment Pipeline Projects for the Groundwater Access Facility in the Horn of Africa (GAFA)

In search of deeper leverage points

Principles for water, sanitation and hygiene systems strengthening

Accessing Green Climate Fund funds for water security and climate-resilient water and sanitation

Development of Water Investment Pipeline Projects for the Groundwater Access Facility in the Horn of Africa (GAFA)

In search of deeper leverage points

Principles for water, sanitation and hygiene systems strengthening

Accessing Green Climate Fund funds for water security and climate-resilient water and sanitation

Development of Water Investment Pipeline Projects for the Groundwater Access Facility in the Horn of Africa (GAFA)

In search of deeper leverage points

Principles for water, sanitation and hygiene systems strengthening

Accessing Green Climate Fund funds for water security and climate-resilient water and sanitation

Legacy resources

Monitoring WASH systems strengthening and change

Strengthening water, sanitation and hygiene systems in Rwanda

Systems interventions for the transition from basic to safely managed water and sanitation services

Towards a systemic approach to water, sanitation and hygiene in healthcare facilities

WASH systems index tool

Accessing Green Climate Fund funds for water security and climate-resilient water and sanitation

Advancing sustainable WASH finance: an ESG collaborative dialogue with commercial financial institutions

Advancing the evidence for water, sanitation and hygiene systems strengthening

Assessment of India’s 15th Finance Commission recommended WASH sector grants through Rural Local Bodies

Assessment of WASH service delivery models in climate hotspots of Bangladesh

Climate finance from carbon markets for water and sanitation, illustrated by safe water projects in East Africa

Closing the financing gap

Collective action for safe water in Ethiopia, Ghana and Uganda

Collective action for safe water in the Sahel

Development of water investment pipeline projects for the groundwater access facility in the Horn of Africa

Financial credibility

Frames in focus

From commitments to action: financing equitable WASH services in Ghana

In search of deeper leverage points

Measuring what matters

Pathways to universal WASH coverage in Ghana

Professionalising water services in the rural water sub-sector of Ghana

Reducing the finance gap across the water and sanitation sector

Regulating water supply and sanitation services

Report of the 3rd National WASH in Schools Symposium in Uganda

Report on Formalising Relationships between CWSA, Private Operators, WSMTs and Other Actors

Rural water supply operation and maintenance in Ethiopia

Rural water utilitisation project

Shift the system mapping

Systems leadership

The experience of Vanuatu in securing Green Climate Funds for water security

Unlocking finance for water and sanitation with nature-based solutions

Using WASH Accounts for improved financial data management

Cambodia Sanitation Finance Strategy

Principles for water, sanitation and hygiene systems strengthening

Sustaining water services for refugees and host communities in Itang (Ethiopia) and Rwamwanja (Uganda)

USAID Transform WASH

All Systems Connect

Bridging the gap

Insights and calls to action from 700 changemakers at the All Systems Connect International Symposium 2023

National sanitation subsidy protocol

Payment modalities for low-income households

Rural water utilisation project

A hub keeps WASH systems in motion

Developing water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) finance strategies

Improving rural water supply financing in Ethiopia

Turn up the dial

Water and emotion: testing a new approach for monitoring water security among Afar pastoralists in Ethiopia

Achieving safely managed water services in Africa: unpacking the challenge

Climate change, water resources and WASH systems

Driving change

Empowerment in water, sanitation and hygiene index